From ResearchID.org

Contents 1 Paradigm 2 Paradigm friction 3 Paramounts of design 4 Partial counterflow 5 Plausible design 6 Productive design 7 ResearchID.org Glossary

Paradigm

1. An overarching model, example, or pattern, especially an outstandingly clear or typical example, or archetype.
2. A conceptual framework that is either so widely accepted, or applicable to so many different areas, that it can be incorporated into many areas of knowledge and used to build sub-models to describe other areas of knowledge.
3. The predominant worldview in the realm of human thought, into which knowledge from different areas is interrelated, e.g. current science is in an evolutionary paradigm since evolution is the predominant worldview regarding the origins and development of most phenomena.

From the Greek word paradigma, which was introduced into the history and philosophy of science by Thomas Kuhn in his 1962 momentous book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

Paradigm friction

When a new scientific idea goes against the grain of currently accepted ones. This fundamental disagreement issues from the fact that new concepts in science don't always fit with all of the current theories, demarcations, and interpretations of known data. Because of this heterogeniety, it is very easy to level substantial and weighty evidence-based criticism that would seem to refute the researcher's new premises, but what is actually happening is conflicting interpretations and explanations for data. Steve Fuller pointed out this friction when he stated, "Every new theory is born refuted."

Paramounts of design

Where the causal histories of phenomena are known, there are characteristics that, while not necessarily present in all things designed, are never present in things that are not designed.

Partial counterflow

Counterflow is exhibited through the parts of a process involved in the phenomena being studied.

Plausible design

An object or event which design could be reasonably invoked as part of its causal history.

Productive design

A phenomenon embodying counterflow that has the ability of independently producing other physical objects. The produced objects may or may not exhibit design.