From ResearchID.org

Information hierarchy categories information into multiple hierarchical levels. e.g., Werner Gitt categorized information into a five level hierarchy: Statistics, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics, and Apobetics (purpose.) Gitt further developed this information hierarchy with thirty two information theorems.

Contents 1 Statistics 2 Syntax 3 Semantics 4 Pragmatics 5 Apobetics 6 Definitions 7 See also 8 References 9 External Links

Statistics

Statistics is the study of symbol frequencies, channel capacity etc. See: Information Entropy, Shannon's Theory Werner Gitt noted that Shannon Entropy ("Information") only addresses the first information level - statistics.

Syntax

Syntax is study of all structural properties of setting up information. IBM's T. J. Watson Research Center has been examining the genome to identify patterns in the genome beyond coding regions or genes. Rigoutsos et al. discovered pyknons. GeneSys Project seeks to develop coding theory for Statistical information measures such as rate, redundancy, and frameshift mutations (deletion).

Semantics

Semantics is the study of and search for the meaning of symbols. Numerous groups of scientists are studying genomes seeking for higher levels of information than Syntax such as the meaning of sequences of DNA codons. The GeneSys Project seeks to study:

• Long range structure and correlation
• Higher level grammars
• Coding Theory for the discovery of possible error correction mechanisms
• Cryptography for the discovery of underlying genetic "language" and relationships to the proteome.
• Computational Linguistics for the discovery of high level structure, and grammar and syntax.
• Machine Learning Algorithms for the discovery of long distance relationships, and predictability of sequences

Pragmatics

Pragmatics is the study of actions required by recipient to achieve sender's purposes.

Apobetics

Apobetics is a study of or search for the teological aspects or the sender's purposes.

Werner Gitt coined^[1]

apobetics: the teleological aspect, the question of the purpose; derived from the Greek apobeinon = result, success, conclusion.

Definitions

• Statistics Definition: Google
• Syntax Definition: Google
• Semantics Definition: Google
• Pragmatics Definition: Google

See also

Information Theory; Werner Gitt's Information Theorems; [[[Decoding DNA]];

References

1. ↑ Werner Gitt, Information und Entropie als Bindeglieder diverser Wissenschaftszweige PTB-Mitt. 91(1981) pp 1-17

External Links